The stuttering problems in this game are significant. It seems better hardware does little to fix this (according to the steam forums of the game). Traversal stuttering is significant but I can live with that. As for the regular stuttering, that one was a pain.

Following the advice of another user here, using Proton 9, locking the game's refresh rate to 60hz on the menu, using DLSS on Performance, save and exit. Then delete the cache folder at

/home/(username)/.local/share/Steam/steamapps/compatdata/1693980/pfx/drive_c/users/steamuser/Documents/Dead Space (2023)/cache

When the game restarted, it first had to rebuild the shaders, but after that it went from 55 fps with stuttering, to 70 fps with no stutters (except traversal ones). I haven´t changed the graphical settings since, but it seems that if you do, you have to delete the cache again for the stuttering to dissapear.