The game appears to be pretty buggy. Some sort of timing issue. By reading other reports it seems to be worst on many-core systems. On Linux I tried restricting core usage but it still crashed fairly frequently. It worked on Wine when I used the Wine WINE_CPU_TOPOLOGY option to restrict CPU usage. It seems like this is likely just race conditions in the game that trigger in some setups rather than any particular bug with Linux or Wine.

There is also a bug with memory freeing. It seems like the game is trying to free some memory allocated by the graphics driver or similar with its own copy of tcmalloc. This obviously doesn't work. I resolved this by replacing $steam/steamapps/common/The Beginners Guide/bin/libtcmalloc_minimal.so.4 with the same copy of tcmalloc that the rest of my system uses. This is unfortunately a common bug in games as they have been tested using the same allocator for everything so don't worry about mismatches.